The Hawker Typhoon is a British, single-seat, single-engine, metal, semi-shell fighter attack in the low wing structure of the Second World War. Designed in accordance with the requirements set by the British Ministry of Defense in the specification F.18 / 37 of 1937, by the famous designer Sydney Camm. The flight of the prototype took place on February 24, 1940, and the machine entered mass production in 1941. The planes were powered by three variants of the Napier Saber Mk.II engine, ranging from 2180KM to 2260KM. There were five versions of this aircraft. The first two are the fighter F.Mk.IA and F.Mk.Ib, which differ mainly in their on-board weapons. AI Mk.IV and Hawker Typhoon FR Mk IB radar fighter - reconnaissance version. Having dealt with initial design problems, especially engine flaws, the Hawker Typhoon also had great success against V1 shells and German tanks during the fighting in Normandy. In total, over 3,300 copies were built. Technical data (Typhoon F.Mk.IB version): length: 9.73 m, wingspan: 12.67 m, height: 4.66 m, maximum speed: 663 km / h, climb speed: 13.59 m / s, maximum range: 821 km, maximum ceiling 10700 m, armament: fixed - 4 Hispano Mk. II 20mm cannons, suspended - up to 908 kg of bombs, 8 RP-3 missiles.
Operation Overlord is an Allied offensive operation involving an air and sea landing in Normandy (northern France), which began on June 6, 1944, and officially ended on August 30 of the same year. On the Allied side, in the first several days of the operation, about 1.4 million soldiers took part in it, and this number finally increased to about 2.1 million people. The commander-in-chief was the American General DD Eisenhower. By the way, the later president of the USA in 1953-1961. On the German side, approx. 0.3 million soldiers were fighting initially, with a total force estimated at approx. 0.65 million people. The formal commander in chief was Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt. Plans for the Western Allies' landing operations in Europe had been developed since 1942, but their final form crystallized in 1943. The operation, which was eventually codenamed Overlord, assumed the landing of allied forces - Americans and British, but also Canadians, Free French troops, and later Poles - in Normandy, with simultaneous sea and air landing. It assumed the involvement of a gigantic flotilla of auxiliary and landing craft (over 4,000 vessels in total) and over 10,000 aircraft. For this reason, Operation Overlord has gone down in history as the largest landing operation in the history of wars! The operations began on June 6, 1944 (the so-called D-Day) with the Allied landing on the beaches of Normandy. After the capture of the bridgeheads and their merger, there was a period of stalemate and the impossibility of penetrating the German defense, as exemplified by the repeated Allied attacks on the city of Caen. The breakthrough was only Operation Cobra at the end of July 1944, which led to the breakthrough and the exit to the rear of the German troops. As a result of this maneuver, the German retreat took place, which cost the Wehrmacht a lot of effort and resources. The political and military effect of the operation was the liberation of Paris and the lion's share of France, and the actual creation of the so-called Of the 2nd front in Europe.